This study aims to explore the impact of achievement goal orientation on competitive state anxiety in Korean judo athletes and the moderating effect of sport confidence. A survey was conducted among 301 athletes aged 17 and above registered with the Korea Judo Association. Using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS Macro for analysis, results showed that ego orientation among achievement goal orientation subfactors had a significant effect on cognitive and somatic states of competitive state anxiety, while task orientation had no significant effect; sport confidence played a moderating role in their relationship. The research provides references for psychological training of judo athletes.