This study selects listed logistics companies from 2017 to 2021 as samples, uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to construct an operational efficiency evaluation system, and combines multiple regression analysis to explore the impact of blockchain application on the operational efficiency of logistics enterprises, as well as the moderating effect of company size and logistics specialization. The results show that blockchain application has a significant positive impact on the operational efficiency of logistics enterprises, and both company size and logistics specialization positively moderate this impact. The research provides new ideas for logistics enterprises to improve operational efficiency and a theoretical basis for the application of blockchain technology in the logistics field.